Many people choose to trade in a car when buying or leasing another car. But how does the trade-in process work? Do I lose money by trading?

Here is how a car trade works. Car dealers buy your old car from you and give you credit toward the price of a new car. The trade-in credit is like a down payment and reduces the price of your new car, making your monthly payments smaller. The dealer then puts your old car on his used-car lot to sell, or he sends it to a dealer car auction where another dealer will buy it to put on his own used-car lot.

Dealers make a lot of profit on selling used cars they’ve taken as trade-in. They pay the trading customer a low wholesale price, and sell the car for a higher retail price. That’s how they make their money and stay in business.

Car manufacturers use incentives to make their new cars more affordable during limited-time promotions.

The most common incentive is a direct to customer rebate, although there can also be other incentives such as low-interest loans, 0% APR loans, special car lease deals, and “hidden” factory-to-dealer cash.

Incentive programs vary from month to month depending on which models and styles manufacturers feel need sales “help”. Slow selling models or last-year’s leftover vehicles typically get the best rebates and incentives. However, it not ususual for a brand new model to get good rebates or other incentives.

A rebate is a credit that you receive when you buy a new car during the promotional period. It shows up on your paperwork the same as a down payment, although the money comes from the manufacturer’s pocket, not the dealer’s, and is like a gift to you that reduces the amount you pay for your car.

However, a rebate is not a price discount. It doesn’t change the selling price of the car (although it changes what you pay).  Rebates and discounts are NOT the same, although both reduce the amount you pay for a car. Let’s explain.

Is it possible to get a car loan and buy a car with no credit?

The answer? Yes, under some conditions. Let’s explain.

It is a common situation, especially with young people who have never had a loan, never had credit cards, or never borrowed money for a car. Without a history of prior loans and payments, there is no credit history and no credit score, which is the number that represents credit rating.

In fact it is not quite sufficient to simply have a good credit score to get a car loan — or any loan. You may also need to have an established steady income (a job) and no excessive debts. You should have no recent bankruptcies or auto repossessions, which you wouldn’t be likely to have anyway if you have no credit.

So how is it possible to buy a car with a loan when you have no credit record and no credit score?

How to find the right first car for you

Obviously, you know that new cars can only come from new-car dealers, but used cars can come from a variety of places including private individual sellers, car dealers, automotive web sites, classified ad sites, and even public car auctions.

From private party sellers

You can buy a used car from an individual seller - someone who owns a car they no longer want. These people may advertise their cars in a number of ways. Some simply place “for sale” signs in the windows. Others may park the car in an abandoned parking lot or consignment lots with a “for sale” sign and contact information. Others may advertise in newspaper classifieds or “autotrader” magazines available free at supermarkets and auto parts stores. Others may place ads on online sites such as AutoTrader, and UsedCars.com.

How do I know how much car I can afford?

Assuming you’ll buy with a loan, you will want to have a monthly car payment that will fit within your current income, after considering all your other expenses. Don’t make the mistake of buying based on future expectations — a forthcoming raise, a new job, or other potential improvements in your finances. Your expectations might not come to reality and you’ll be stuck with a car you can’t afford. Base your purchase only on current, stable finances.

How do I know what price to pay for a car?

Let’s say you see a nice used car that you like on a dealer’s lot that is priced at $14,000. Is it a good price? Can I talk the dealer down to, say, $12,000? How much discount can I expect to get?

These are all common questions when shopping for used cars, especially if it’s your first car.

Let’s look at the answers.

Used car prices can vary greatly – even for the same make, model, year, and condition. Prices tend to follow the laws of supply and demand. Large gas-guzzling SUVs are cheaper in times of high gas prices. Convertibles are more expensive in sunny Florida than in cold North Dakota. Used car prices are cheaper when dealers have too many on their lots.

Dealers are experts at knowing local car-buying customers, what they want, and what they are willing to pay. They set their used car prices accordingly. However, dealers make more profit on used cars than on brand new cars. This means there is a lot of “wiggle room” in used car prices – a relatively large difference between what the dealer has invested in his cars and the prices he sets for those cars. Unfortunately, there is no way for us as consumers to know what a dealer has paid for his used cars.

Check prices to know what is fair

The first step to getting a fair price on a used car is to find out how much the car is worth. Is the dealer’s asking price fair or not? If not, then it is time for some negotiation.

Some newcomers to car buying assume that there is some kind of “standard” price for used cars. It is not true. However, there are used-car pricing guides, such as Kelley Blue Book and NADA Guides, that compile data from a variety of sources to publish their version of suggested prices, based on make, model, year, equipment, mileage, condition, and region of the country.

These guides often differ significantly in prices for the same vehicle, same mileage, same everything. Confused car buyers often ask, “Which is right?” or “Which is more accurate?”  Neither is more right or more accurate. However, the guides serve as a good benchmark for determining a fair price for a car you may be considering to buy. For example, if a dealer is asking $14,000 for a car that the guides show as only being worth $10,000, he’s asking too much and it’s time to negotiate a fairer price.

If you don’t check prices

We’ve seen questions from car buyers who ask something like, “How much can I talk a dealer down on this $14,000 car?”  The answer to the question is really another question. It is not so much how much you can talk him down, as it is how much is the car worth?

For example, a dealer may put a $14,000 price on a car that is worth only $10,000. He hopes that he’ll get a customer who hasn’t done her price research and who will “talk him down” to $12,000. The customer is happy because she thinks she got a $2000 price discount, and the dealer is happy because he sold the car for $2000 more than it was worth.

Asking prices are not selling prices

Nearly all used cars are sold for a price that is less than the original “asking” price. Dealers post asking prices on used car window stickers. Individuals selling used cars advertise them with asking prices. Dealer asking prices may be 20% or more higher than selling prices. Individuals usually price their cars about 10% higher than the price they are willing to accept.

Negotiate based on car’s condition

If you find a car you like and the price seems fair for a car in good to excellent condition, make sure you get a mechanic’s inspection and have the mechanic document any problems he finds. Assuming the problems are not serious enough to stop you from buying the car, use the mechanic’s report to negotiate for a lower price.

Also get a Carfax vehicle history report and do the same thing. If the car has been in an accident, even if the repairs have been done expertly, use the information to try to get a better price.

Where to buy

Used-car dealers are an obvious source of  used cars but it takes time to visit and find out which ones have cars you might be interested in. One way to save time is use an online site such as UsedCars.com that lets you search for discounted cars from dealers in your area.

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We see this question being asked frequently: “What is the best car to buy?”

Of course, the real answer as to what is the best car can vary, depending on your own personal needs, preferences, and finances. Some people place a great deal of importance on reliability. Others might think safety or cost is more important. And others might feel that the best car should have great looks and high performance. 

Many people believe that to get the best car, you must spend a lot of money — that the best cars are the most expensive one. Strangely, this is just not true. Actually, some of the best cars are the least expensive — and some of the most expensive cars are the least reliable and the least efficient.

One of the best automobiles, overall, is the Honda Civic. Why? Because it has the most perfect combination of all the factors that most car buyers look for — cost, fuel efficiency, reliability, cost of operation, cost of insurance, style, performance, resale value, riding comfort, luxury features, and handling.

Buy-here-pay-here car dealers provide auto loans to people with bad credit.

Most car dealers do not directly finance loans on cars they sell. They work with outside banks and finance companies to provide loans for their customers. It’s up to those banks and finance companies, not the dealer, to approve and provide customers car loans.

However, a different breed of used car dealer, called  ”buy-here-pay-here” dealers,  do provide their own financing without an outside bank or loan company. They primarily function to sell used cars to people who have bad credit and cannot get approved for loans from conventional sources.

Buy-here-pay-here (BHPH) dealers can be recognized by their promotional ads or storefront signs. They use the terms “easy finance” or “no credit checks” or “we finance anybody” or “in-house financing” or “fast loan approval” or “we approve you regardless of your credit.”  They are sometimes called “tote the note” dealers.

Should I keep my old car and fix it up, or buy a new car?

Expressed another way, the question is this: Is it smarter, more practical, and more economical for me to keep and fix my old car than to buy another car, new or used?

This is always a tough one to answer. Generally, it’s going to be better to fix up an old car than buy a new car every five years or so.

However, the real answer depends on your particular circumstances. Here are some tips that will help you make a decision.

As this is being written, this year, 2011, has become the best time to buy a new car in years. And 2012 looks to be even better.

In normal years, we would tell you that the best time to buy a car is when sales are slow at the end of the month, end or the year, or during vacation season. We would tell you that you might still have to negotiate your prices because dealers aren’t just going to give you a good deal because they like you.

BUT……..things are much different now. Sales have been slow for over a year and are still slow right now. As a result, we are now seeing some of the biggest and best car incentives on new cars that we’ve seen in years. Nearly every car manufacturer is now offering a combination of large factory-to-customer rebates, low-interest loan deals, 0% APR loans (even on long 72 month loans), special lease deals, free maintenance, and “secret” factory-to-dealer rebates that dealers usually give to customers.

Why has 2011 become such a good time to buy a car?

Cheap cars can be found in many places — if you know where to look. Following are just some of the places you might find cheap cars:

Independent Used-Car Dealers – Independent used-car lots are a potential source of affordable cheap second hand cars. Many lots have older vehicles that can be real bargains, but might require a little work. You should take care to determine if the price is fair and that the vehicle has no hidden problems. Most used cars are sold “as-is” and come without any kind of warranty or return policy. Check out local used-car lots in your area but also consider large national or regional used-car dealers such as CarMax.

New-Car Dealer Used Car Lots - Many new-car dealers also sell pre-owned cars. Most new-car dealers only offer relatively late model used vehicles that have been taken in trade or are off-lease, and are in good condition — and are relatively expensive. But bargains can be found. Therefore, it doesn’t hurt to check out local new-car dealers but also look at other sources listed below. Some new-car dealers sell “certified” used cars — at a higher price. These cars have been inspected thoroughly and come with a short guarantee.

Buy-Here-Pay-Here (BHPH) Dealers – BHPH dealers are a different kind of used-car dealer that provides in-house financing, usually with no credit check. Most BHPH dealers are local and can be recognized by their “we finance anyone” or “no credit check” banners. Be aware that interest rates are usually very high and payment terms are strict. See “Should I Buy From a Buy-Here-Pay-Dealer Car Dealer” for more details.

What are the most popular used cars — the cars most people are interested in — the best used cars?

We wondered about that question too. Are there certain cars that most people are buying, asking about, seeking information about, and asking for pricing on? What car makes and models are most popular? Are they the best cars to buy?

Well, we went to one of the most-visited used-car web sites, UsedCars.com, and found such a list. Actually, the site compiles a real-time list of the makes and models that their site visitors most often request information about, which is an indicator of the most popular cars.

The most-popular car list can change from day to day, but not by much. A vehicle that is #1 today might fall to #2 tomorrow, and vice versa, because the rankings depend on what online visitors to their web site are asking about and searching for on any particular day.  

Here’s the current list of most popular used cars at the time of this writing:

Better to Buy Pre-Owned Car, or New Car?

First time car buyers have a choice of buying a brand new car, or buying a used car. Which is better?

There are advantages and disadvantages to either choice. Most people would rather have a brand new car with its new-car smell and latest style, but there are reasons that a new car might not be the best choice. Let’s take a look at the pros and cons of buying new and buying used.

Advantages of Buying New

• You get a brand new car with new-car feel and smell
• You get the latest style and technology
• You get the latest safety equipment
• You get a full manufacturer’s warranty
• You get Lemon Law protection
• You get lowest loan interest rates, if you qualify
• You get the option to lease
• You may get special manufacturer-sponsored pricing and financing

Is it possible to sell a car if you are still making loan payments and the loan is not yet paid off?

This is a very common question with car buyers and owners.

The answer is yes, you can sell the car, but you must get enough money in the sale to pay off your loan, so that your bank can give you a “clear” title to give to the new buyer. This is where problems often arise. Let’s see how.

If you are upside down

If you are still paying on your loan, you still have an outstanding balance, which might be more than your car is actually worth. This means you are “upside down” and would need additional cash, after the sale, to fully pay off your loan. Loan companies want to be paid in full immediately after the sale. They won’t allow you to continue to make payments on a car you no longer have.

Is auto insurance really necessary? Why do I need it?

Since car insurance is so expensive, partiularly for teenagers and other young drivers, it’s natural that this question should come up frequently for first time car buyers.

You need insurance on your car to protect you from the risk of disasterous financial problems resulting from accidents,  personal injury and property damage, and loss by theft, fire, or natural disasters. It may seem pointless to spend so much money on something you may never need. But if you ever need it, you’ll be really happy you have it.

It’s tempting to believe that you don’t need insurance because you are a safe driver and will never cause an accident. However, other people can involve you in an accident that is not your fault. If the other driver doesn’t have sufficient car insurance, your own insurance will take over and pay your repair bills and medical expenses.

You might avoid insurance if you had enough money to cover such problems on your own.  This is called “self-insurance.” However, self-insurance is not legally sufficient in most states and is not practical for most people.

Understanding the basics of auto insurance 

You may go through your entire life and never have a car accident. But the odds are against you. Auto insurance protects you from potentially disasterous costs of such accidents. If you are buying your first car, you must understand how car insurance works and why you need it.

Laws in most states require that drivers have at least a minimum level of liability insurance – repeat, liability insurance – not collision or comprehensive, although lenders and lease companies may require full coverage, including liability, collision, and comprehensive.

Types of insurance
An auto insurance policy might include one or more of the following types of coverage:

Lease vs Buy? What’s the Difference?

One of the best ways to decide between car leasing and buying with a loan is to directly compare the attributes of each, which we will show you in this article. We’ll tell you about how payments compare, about how fees are different, about advantages, and disadvantages.

Another way to help make a decision between leasing and buying is to compare the cost of each for a specific lease vs. buy situation. For this, you’ll need a special Lease vs. Buy Calculator.

Now, let’s take a look at how car leasing compares with buying with a loan.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of car leasing?

Car leasing has it’s advantages and disadvantages. Here is a summary:

Pros:
- Get new car every 2-4 years, with latest features and safety equipment
- Lower monthly payments
- Usually no down payment
- Car is always under warranty
- Lower sales tax (in most states)
- Avoids used car selling/trading hassles
- Automatic GAP insurance included (most leases)

How do I get my credit reports and my credit score?

Whenever you apply for any type of credit or financing, a credit report is pulled from at least one of the three major credit bureaus. While there are hundreds of smaller credit bureaus around the country, virtually every credit bureau is affiliated with Trans Union, Experian, or Equifax.

These credit bureaus collect and maintain information on the vast majority of Americans, but they are not affiliated with the government in any way. The credit bureaus are for-profit corporations that sell your personal information for money.

Is your credit score average? 

Even when you find out your personal credit score, most people wonder how they stack up with other consumers. What’s a good score? What’s bad?

First, let’s understand that you don’t have just one credit score. There are three credit bureaus in the United States – Transunion, Experian, and Equifax. Each has it’s own data about you and your credit habits. Each also has a slightly different formula for creating credit scores, that all-important number that summarizes your entire credit report.

Your score is almost certainly to be different between the agencies because of the ways in which the score is computed. Lenders and car dealers typically look at only one of the scores but there’s no way you can know in advance which one it might be.

You can get each of your individual credit reports and scores at Equifax at Transunion, and at Experian. 

How Does Car Leasing Work?

Car leasing is extremely popular because it offers a more affordable method of auto financing. It allows you to have lower monthly payments than with traditional auto loans. About one out of every five vehicles driven by automotive consumers in the United States are leased.

But car leasing is not for everyone. Is leasing good for a teen’s first car? What are the pros and cons of leasing?

Leasing is a little more complicated than buying with a loan, so you should take the time to learn about leasing, and be sure it’s right for you before making a decision.

What is a Lease?

Both leasing and buying a car with a loan are simply two different methods of financing. Where a purchase loan is a method of financing the ownership of a vehicle, leasing is financing the use of a vehicle for a specified number of months, similar to renting but not quite the same thing.

How to use a Lease vs Buy Calculator

When you use a Lease vs Buy Calculator such as the one at LeaseGuide.com, you should understand how it works and how to get the results you want.

Car leasing is a little different than buying a car with a loan. The language is different, the process is different, and the way that payments are calculated is different. Let’s take a look at how you would use an online lease vs buy calculator to better understand the differences.

Do you need an extended car warranty — car repair insurance?

All new cars come with a new-car warranty from the car manufacturer. There is typcially a general “bumper-to-bumper” warranty that covers just about everything that is not a wear-and-tear item, and a powertrain warranty that covers the engine, transmission, and drivetrain components.

For most new cars, the general warranty is good for 36 month or 36,000 miles, and the powertrain warranty for 60 months or 60,000 miles. Some car brands have higher mileage warranties, as high as 10 years and 100,000 miles.

There are also separate warranties on tires, batteries, and a few other components. 

That’s about warranties on brand new cars. What about used car warranties? Do used cars come with warranties?

What to Pay for New Cars — What’s a Good Price?

Here’s how to determine a fair price for brand new cars (see below for used-car pricing).

All new cars have a window sticker that displays the manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP). It may also include destination charges, dealer-installed option prices, and other miscellaneous charges. The total of these charges is the price you would pay for that vehicle, less sales tax, without any discounts or rebates.

All these charges but destination charge can be negotiated. Manaufacturers charge dealers this fee for vehicle delivery, and dealers simply pass it along to customers without markup. It cannot be eliminated from the cost of a car.

Price can be negotiated for most vehicles. Unless the vehicle is a hot seller and in short demand, it’s usually possible to get dealers to discount the MSRP. But, how much? What’s the best price I can expect?

Here’s your strategy for negotiating price.

Are certified used cars good deals or not for first car buyers?

Many car dealers sell “certified” pre-owned cars. How are these cars different from other used cars? Are they more expensive? Are they worth considering as a first car?

Most major automobile manufacturer’s dealers now offer “certified” used cars. A certified car has been inspected and repaired according to detailed manufacturer specifications before being placed on a dealer’s used car lot. Although manufacturer’s programs vary in details, all are fundamentally the same in concept.

Why is it important? Certified cars can significantly reduce one of the largest worries of used car buyers: that used cars can have hidden problems that cause problems and expensive repairs after the sale.