About principal and interest

If you purchase a new or used car with a loan, you agree to pay off the loan amount (principal) over a specified number of months. But you also agree to pay a finance charge, or interest, for the privilege of using the bank’s (or finance company’s) money for your purchase.

The amount of finance charge that you pay is the interest rate, which is set by the bank or finance company based generally on national lending rates and more specifically on your credit score. Interest rate is expressed as a annual percentage rate (APR), such as 5.5%.

Interest rates can be different for the same loan amount

Wholesale lending rates are lower now than in recent years but banks and finance companies, as well as dealers, can boost these rates (called reserve) for their customers. You can check current national average auto loan rates at Bankrate.com. At the time of this writing, the average 36 month new-car loan rate was 3.93% — very low. But automotive consumers may pay higher rates depending on the lender, dealer reserve, and the customer’s credit score.

Auto buyers should always know their most recent credit score before going car shopping. Otherwise, dealers know more about you than you know about yourself, which could lead to some unpleasant surprises. Getting your credit score is easy enough, and is free instantly from online services such as FreeCreditScore.com with a simple online signup.

One of the best ways to get the best prices on new cars is to take advantage of monthly sales incentives such as rebates and bonus discounts sponsored by car manufacturers through dealers (see Best Car Deals for details).

However, the catch is that those incentives are only good on selected vehicle models and styles, and only for a limited time.  If the particular brand, model, and style that you want is not one of those with incentives offers this month, you are back to square one — negotiating for deals the old fashion way.

A new company has come along that changes all that, and may change how we buy cars in the future.

TrueCar answers the question, “What should I pay for my car?” Even if you are a shrewd negotiator, you have to know your target price. You also would benefit by knowing what other people are paying for the same car, same model, same style that you want. With that knowledge, you will know the price you should be aiming at.

As you may already know, car manufacturers offer sales incentives nearly every month. Some are better than others in any particular month.

The most common type of incentive is a rebate, which is given to customers at the time they buy the particular vehicle model and style on which the rebate is offered. It is applied as a down payment and is especially attractive to customers who might be short on their own down payment cash.

Rebates, when at least $2000, are generally better than 0% APR loan deals and save you more money. As you may know, if a car company is offering both a rebate and 0% APR (or other low-interest loan rate), you must choose one or the other, but not both.

American car companies (General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford) have traditionally offered the best and highest rebates, although there have exceptions. Rebates are usually largest at the end of the model year, during the months of September, October, November, and December. Car companies and dealers are trying to sell off last year’s models to make room for incoming new models.

Car manufacturers offer special sales incentives every month on particular vehicle makes, models, and styles. Incentives vary from month to month.

Incentives come in the form of direct-to-customer rebates, special lease deals, and low-interest loans, including 0% APR loan deals. See Best Car Deals for current new-car incentives, including 0% loans.

Zero percent financing, when offered, means that the customer pays no interest or finance charges on his car loan. This saves money. Monthly payments are smaller and total costs are reduced.

Calculating payments for a zero percent loan is easy. Simply divide the cost of the car by the number of months in the loan. Non-zero-percent loans are much more difficult to calculate and require a car loan calculator.

Are 0% loans good deals?

Maybe.

Although we’ve discussed this topic previously (see Lease vs Buy), there is one aspect that we haven’t discussed and continue to hear questions about.

The question is essentially this: “If a car dealer is offering a special promotional lease deal, a purchase rebate, and a low interest loan on the car I want, which one is the best deal?”

The short answer to this question is that the lease deal will nearly always be better — and it’s not simply because monthly payments are less. If the lease deal is one that is being offered by the car manufacturer, the company has usually applied a price discount, a low money factor (finance rate), and a high lease-end residual value. The combination of all these things makes for an attractive low monthly payment. Customers are not able to negotiate these kinds of deals for themselves  because a dealer only controls one of those three things — price.

Even many experienced car buyers don’t know about the “secret” factory-to-dealer rebates given to dealers by car manufacturers.

Car companies often select certain models and styles for these rebates, and the selection can change from month to month.

Dealers can use factory-to-dealer cash (sometimes called “marketing support”) in almost any way they choose but most pass it along to customers in the form of price discounts. Some dealers might advertise the low prices (not the rebates themselves) or simply offer a discount to customers during the buying process. He may choose to give all or just some of the total rebate.

Most customers are not aware of which vehicles have factory-to-dealer rebates, or the amounts. Therefore, it is difficult to factor in those discounts in the negotiating process. However, our sister web site, Best Car Deals, provides such information.  Some of these rebates are very large and represent a significant discount off of sticker price. This is particularly true for last year’s leftover models that dealers must sell in order to make room for this year’s incoming models.

If a dealer gets a factory rebate on a particular model and gives it to customers as a price discount, he still makes his usual profit on that car, even though customers may be getting a great deal. Smart customers will expect the dealer to contribute some of his usual profit as an additional discount — which makes an even better deal. In many cases, customers can buy a car for less than dealer invoice price, which is only possible if the car manufacturer is helping with the deal.

In summary, factory-to-dealer rebates can be a large factor in making new cars — especially first cars — more affordable. Look for vehicles with the largest factory-to-dealer rebates.

You can get free price quotes for any vehicle at Edmunds.com. The prices you get will contain any current price discounts and manufacturer incentives that are available.

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If you don’t like having to spend a lot of time and research effort when looking for a new car, wouldn’t it be nice to find out what other people were buying, assuming that most of those other people had spent the time and effort, and had made good informed decisions.

If you decided to buy one of the cars that other people are buying the most, you could reasonably assume that those purchases are being made on the basis of those cars having most of the good characteristics that people want in a new car — such as good reliability, good safety ratings, good performance, good styling, good fuel economy, and good driving comfort.

Following is a list of the top ten best-selling new vehicles in the U.S. for the last several months:

Car manufacturers use incentives to make their new cars more affordable during limited-time promotions.

The most common incentive is a direct to customer rebate, although there can also be other incentives such as low-interest loans, 0% APR loans, special car lease deals, and “hidden” factory-to-dealer cash.

Incentive programs vary from month to month depending on which models and styles manufacturers feel need sales “help”. Slow selling models or last-year’s leftover vehicles typically get the best rebates and incentives. However, it not ususual for a brand new model to get good rebates or other incentives.

A rebate is a credit that you receive when you buy a new car during the promotional period. It shows up on your paperwork the same as a down payment, although the money comes from the manufacturer’s pocket, not the dealer’s, and is like a gift to you that reduces the amount you pay for your car.

However, a rebate is not a price discount. It doesn’t change the selling price of the car (although it changes what you pay).  Rebates and discounts are NOT the same, although both reduce the amount you pay for a car. Let’s explain.

Who needs a co-signer for a car loan? How does it work?

New or first-time car buyers are often surprised at being turned down for a car loan because they have no credit history, which unfortunately has about the same effect as having bad credit. Getting a co-signer might be the answer.

Lenders want to see that a borrower has a good record with previous loans and credit cards. Without a history of credit, a borrower represents a risk to lenders. If they don’t know a borrower’s history, they take the low road and assume the worst.

It’s a familiar “catch-22″ situation in that you can’t get a loan to establish credit without already having credit. So what is the answer?

What is the answer?

The most common solution is to have someone “co-sign” your loan contract. Typically, it’s family member who has a good credit score. A co-signer plays no part in the loan unless the primary borrower fails to make payments. In that case, the loan company would have the right to seek payment from the co-signer.

We see this question being asked frequently: “What is the best car to buy?”

Of course, the real answer as to what is the best car can vary, depending on your own personal needs, preferences, and finances. Some people place a great deal of importance on reliability. Others might think safety or cost is more important. And others might feel that the best car should have great looks and high performance. 

Many people believe that to get the best car, you must spend a lot of money — that the best cars are the most expensive one. Strangely, this is just not true. Actually, some of the best cars are the least expensive — and some of the most expensive cars are the least reliable and the least efficient.

One of the best automobiles, overall, is the Honda Civic. Why? Because it has the most perfect combination of all the factors that most car buyers look for — cost, fuel efficiency, reliability, cost of operation, cost of insurance, style, performance, resale value, riding comfort, luxury features, and handling.

 There are literally thousands of combinations of different automobile types, makes, models, styles, and prices, which can make it difficult to choose. However, we will help you determine the perfect car for your needs.

What is a good first car?  Which car is the best buy? Which is more reliable? Which gets the best gas mileage? Should I buy a SUV or pickup? Which car is safer? Which is more economical? Which is cheaper to insure?

What car should I buy as my first car?

If you were to ask this question and you gave no other information about yourself or what you wanted, we would suggest you buy either a Honda Accord or Toyota Camry, two of the most popular and most purchased first cars in America.

However, if you already know you don’t want a Honda or Toyota, stay with me. I’m not going to try to convince you that these are the only brands you should consider. I’m just using them as a starting point to help you choose the right car for you.

Buy-here-pay-here car dealers provide auto loans to people with bad credit.

Most car dealers do not directly finance loans on cars they sell. They work with outside banks and finance companies to provide loans for their customers. It’s up to those banks and finance companies, not the dealer, to approve and provide customers car loans.

However, a different breed of used car dealer, called  ”buy-here-pay-here” dealers,  do provide their own financing without an outside bank or loan company. They primarily function to sell used cars to people who have bad credit and cannot get approved for loans from conventional sources.

Buy-here-pay-here (BHPH) dealers can be recognized by their promotional ads or storefront signs. They use the terms “easy finance” or “no credit checks” or “we finance anybody” or “in-house financing” or “fast loan approval” or “we approve you regardless of your credit.”  They are sometimes called “tote the note” dealers.

Should I keep my old car and fix it up, or buy a new car?

Expressed another way, the question is this: Is it smarter, more practical, and more economical for me to keep and fix my old car than to buy another car, new or used?

This is always a tough one to answer. Generally, it’s going to be better to fix up an old car than buy a new car every five years or so.

However, the real answer depends on your particular circumstances. Here are some tips that will help you make a decision.

Online car buyers exposed to common car scam by criminal sellers

Users of online car buying sites such as AutoTrader, Craigslist, online newspaper classified auto ads, and other non-dealer car sites often find unbelieveable good deals, only to find it was no deal at all, but a common car sales scam.

We often hear the question, “Is this a scam?” from car buyers who have found a “great deal” online. Buyers become suspicious because the price is “too good” and the payment and pickup arrangements seem a little fishy.

Cheap cars advertised on Internet sites can be scams, and it is relatively easy to spot them after the seller has been contacted, but not before. A car-for-sale ad placed by a scammer looks like any other ad — except the price is much lower than normal. They even provide pictures and VIN numbers of real cars (snagged somewhere on the Internet) to make the ads seem more believeable.

As this is being written, this year, 2011, has become the best time to buy a new car in years. And 2012 looks to be even better.

In normal years, we would tell you that the best time to buy a car is when sales are slow at the end of the month, end or the year, or during vacation season. We would tell you that you might still have to negotiate your prices because dealers aren’t just going to give you a good deal because they like you.

BUT……..things are much different now. Sales have been slow for over a year and are still slow right now. As a result, we are now seeing some of the biggest and best car incentives on new cars that we’ve seen in years. Nearly every car manufacturer is now offering a combination of large factory-to-customer rebates, low-interest loan deals, 0% APR loans (even on long 72 month loans), special lease deals, free maintenance, and “secret” factory-to-dealer rebates that dealers usually give to customers.

Why has 2011 become such a good time to buy a car?

Cheap cars can be found in many places — if you know where to look. Following are just some of the places you might find cheap cars:

Independent Used-Car Dealers – Independent used-car lots are a potential source of affordable cheap second hand cars. Many lots have older vehicles that can be real bargains, but might require a little work. You should take care to determine if the price is fair and that the vehicle has no hidden problems. Most used cars are sold “as-is” and come without any kind of warranty or return policy. Check out local used-car lots in your area but also consider large national or regional used-car dealers such as CarMax.

New-Car Dealer Used Car Lots - Many new-car dealers also sell pre-owned cars. Most new-car dealers only offer relatively late model used vehicles that have been taken in trade or are off-lease, and are in good condition — and are relatively expensive. But bargains can be found. Therefore, it doesn’t hurt to check out local new-car dealers but also look at other sources listed below. Some new-car dealers sell “certified” used cars — at a higher price. These cars have been inspected thoroughly and come with a short guarantee.

Buy-Here-Pay-Here (BHPH) Dealers – BHPH dealers are a different kind of used-car dealer that provides in-house financing, usually with no credit check. Most BHPH dealers are local and can be recognized by their “we finance anyone” or “no credit check” banners. Be aware that interest rates are usually very high and payment terms are strict. See “Should I Buy From a Buy-Here-Pay-Dealer Car Dealer” for more details.

What are the most popular used cars — the cars most people are interested in — the best used cars?

We wondered about that question too. Are there certain cars that most people are buying, asking about, seeking information about, and asking for pricing on? What car makes and models are most popular? Are they the best cars to buy?

Well, we went to one of the most-visited used-car web sites, UsedCars.com, and found such a list. Actually, the site compiles a real-time list of the makes and models that their site visitors most often request information about, which is an indicator of the most popular cars.

The most-popular car list can change from day to day, but not by much. A vehicle that is #1 today might fall to #2 tomorrow, and vice versa, because the rankings depend on what online visitors to their web site are asking about and searching for on any particular day.  

Here’s the current list of most popular used cars at the time of this writing:

Lease vs Buy? What’s the Difference?

One of the best ways to decide between car leasing and buying with a loan is to directly compare the attributes of each, which we will show you in this article. We’ll tell you about how payments compare, about how fees are different, about advantages, and disadvantages.

Another way to help make a decision between leasing and buying is to compare the cost of each for a specific lease vs. buy situation. For this, you’ll need a special Lease vs. Buy Calculator.

Now, let’s take a look at how car leasing compares with buying with a loan.

Buying a car with a low credit score?

Having bad credit means that sometime in your past, possibly as far back as seven or ten years, you have had missed or late loan payments, repossessed property or cars, or have declared bankruptcy. You may also have an excessive number of credit cards with high balances. These factors are included in your credit history reports that come from three credit reporting agencies: Transunion, Experian, and Equifax.

Your entire credit history is summarized in a single number, called your credit score.  You can see your most recent credit score online with a simple sign-up at FreeCreditScore.com .

A Car Loan Story

David, 17, recently graduated from high school, landed a good paying job, and wanted to buy a new car.

His thought was that he would go to his neighborhood Ford dealer where he had been admiring a bright red Focus model that he felt he could afford, and arrange for a convenient loan to pay for it. He could easily get approved for the loan because his father knows the owner of the dealership. 

The car cost $12,000 with discounts and rebates. He thought a 5 year (60 months) loan would be about right because he figured payments to be $200 a month ($12,000 divided by 60 months), which he could easily afford.

David was wrong — in many ways. Let’s see why.

How much down payment do I need for my car loan?

Until relatively recent times, it was standard for car dealers and finance companies to require at least 20% down payment on the purchase of a car. It was for a good reason.

Because cars depreciate in value from the moment they are driven off a dealer’s lot, a down payment helps offset that rapid decrease in value, which may keep the loan from becoming “upside down.”  It also protects the loan company or bank because, if they have to repossess the vehicle, they have a smaller risk of losing money.

Things are different now
Auto manufacturers and dealers are now very competitive and business must be fought for. They are willing to take risks that were unheard of just a few years ago. In many cases, down payment requirements have been reduced or eliminated altogether, primarily for customers with good credit.

If you still owe more on your loan than your car is worth, you are upside down.

You may still be able to buy another car if you are upside down on your previous loan.

There are two ways to go about it.

One way to buy with an upside down loan
You could sell your old car but you will have to add extra cash to fully pay off your old loan. You’ll need to pay off your loan so that you can give a clear title to your buyer. However, coming up with extra cash might be a problem, especially if you are upside down by a large amount. For many people, this solution is not possible.

Let’s look at some other ways.

How to use a Lease vs Buy Calculator

When you use a Lease vs Buy Calculator such as the one at LeaseGuide.com, you should understand how it works and how to get the results you want.

Car leasing is a little different than buying a car with a loan. The language is different, the process is different, and the way that payments are calculated is different. Let’s take a look at how you would use an online lease vs buy calculator to better understand the differences.

Do you need an extended car warranty — car repair insurance?

All new cars come with a new-car warranty from the car manufacturer. There is typcially a general “bumper-to-bumper” warranty that covers just about everything that is not a wear-and-tear item, and a powertrain warranty that covers the engine, transmission, and drivetrain components.

For most new cars, the general warranty is good for 36 month or 36,000 miles, and the powertrain warranty for 60 months or 60,000 miles. Some car brands have higher mileage warranties, as high as 10 years and 100,000 miles.

There are also separate warranties on tires, batteries, and a few other components. 

That’s about warranties on brand new cars. What about used car warranties? Do used cars come with warranties?

What to Pay for New Cars — What’s a Good Price?

Here’s how to determine a fair price for brand new cars (see below for used-car pricing).

All new cars have a window sticker that displays the manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP). It may also include destination charges, dealer-installed option prices, and other miscellaneous charges. The total of these charges is the price you would pay for that vehicle, less sales tax, without any discounts or rebates.

All these charges but destination charge can be negotiated. Manaufacturers charge dealers this fee for vehicle delivery, and dealers simply pass it along to customers without markup. It cannot be eliminated from the cost of a car.

Price can be negotiated for most vehicles. Unless the vehicle is a hot seller and in short demand, it’s usually possible to get dealers to discount the MSRP. But, how much? What’s the best price I can expect?

Here’s your strategy for negotiating price.